?????????: 50 ??????: ???? ?????? ??? ?????: 2023-11-01 ?????: ????
?? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????.
???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? 60 ????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? 60 ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????.
??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? 90 ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.
??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????.
????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? 4.8 ????? 8.8 ????? 10.9 ????? 12.9 ???? ??? ??? ???. ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????.
????? ???????
?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????. ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????.
????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? 4.8 ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 8.8 ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? 10.9 ?12.9 ????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? 12.9 ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? 3.6? 4.6? 4.8? 5.6? 6.8? 8.8? 9.8? 10.9? 12.9 ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? 10 ?????? ???? 8.8 ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????.
????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????????.
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????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????????.
????? ?????? 4.6 ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??:
1. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? 400MPa.
2. ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? 0.6 ? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? 400 × 0.6 = ????? 240MPa.
????? ?????? 10.9 ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???:
1. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? 1000MPa.
2. ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? 0.9 ? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? 1000 × 0.9 = ????? 900MPa.
????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? 4.8 ????? 8.8 ????? 10.9 ????? 12.9 ???? ??? ???????. ???? ???? Fasteners.com ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 8.8? ?10.9 ????? ?12.9 ????? ?14.9 ????.
????? ??????? ??????? ????????
1. ???? ?? ????? ????? ????.
????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????.
2. ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????.
???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.
3. ??? ???????.
??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????.
4. ??? ?? ????? ???????.
???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????.
